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Africa · Clearance (ETA validation)
A settled clearance regime for invoices, with the B2C e-receipt system still expanding in waves – the most recent took effect 15 September 2025 under ETA Resolution No. 281, extending coverage to further Cairo taxpayers. Watch the resolution stream: new e-receipt waves land regularly.
Live now
Applies to
B2B, B2G, B2C (e-receipts)
April 1, 2023
Next phase deadline
All VAT-registered on ETA since Apr 2023
Two questions. The fixed-establishment rule is where most foreign businesses get it wrong.
Roughly how big is the business?
Is your business established in Egypt – a company, branch, or fixed establishment there?
Not in scope for Egypt
With no establishment and no Egyptian tax registration, the ETA's systems do not reach you – imports are documented on the buyer's side. Revisit if you set up locally or register for VAT on digital services into Egypt (a declaration-based regime, without issuing duties per the sources read).
Registered without establishment – confirm with the ETA
Egypt's simplified registration for non-resident digital-service providers runs on declarations rather than ETA e-invoices, per the sources read. A full local tax registration with Egyptian-source activity is different – issuer duties attach there like any resident's. Confirm which register you are in with the ETA before relying on an exemption.
In scope – and e-receipts may reach your tills
VAT registration puts you in the e-invoice mandate regardless of size – paper invoices have not supported deductions since July 2023, so business customers will insist on cleared documents. B2C sellers join the separate e-receipt system wave by wave as ETA resolutions name them: check whether a resolution covers you, and keep your e-signature certificate current.
In scope – ETA clearance is business as usual
Since April 2023 every VAT-registered business clears B2B and B2G invoices through the ETA – JSON or XML to the proprietary schema, GS1 or EGS product codes, a licensed digital signature, and a UUID back on clearance. If you run retail operations, track the e-receipt resolutions: waves keep extending coverage (the latest from 15 Sep 2025, Res. 281). Fines run EGP 20,000–100,000, and uncleared documents cannot support input VAT.
A single date hides the rollout. Here's the full sequence.
November 2020
First large taxpayers
134 designated entities began issuing cleared e-invoices through the ETA platform.
Done
July 2021
Government suppliers
All suppliers to government entities required to issue e-invoices.
Done
April 2023
All VAT-registered businesses
Universal B2B and B2G e-invoicing through the ETA platform.
Done
July 2023
All buyers
Paper invoices lost validity for input VAT recovery and cost deduction.
Done
15 September 2025
Additional Cairo taxpayers (e-receipts)
Latest B2C e-receipt wave under ETA Resolution No. 281 – further waves keep landing by resolution.
Done
The standards, scope and dates that define the mandate – at a glance.
Transaction scope
B2B, B2G, B2C (e-receipts)
Model
Clearance (ETA validation)
Formats
ETA JSON or XML (proprietary schema, UUID)
Region
Africa
STATUS
Live now
Scope
Every VAT-registered business has issued B2B and B2G invoices through the ETA platform since April 2023 (phased from Nov 2020), and since July 2023 paper invoices no longer support input VAT recovery or cost deduction. Invoices carry GS1 or Egyptian EGS product codes and a digital signature from a licensed certification authority; the ETA returns a UUID on clearance.
EGP 20,000 to EGP 100,000 under art. 71 of the Unified Tax Procedures Law – and uncleared documents cannot support input VAT claims.
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